Economic Theory Literature
Introduction: Dr. Bisschop?s The Rise of the London Money Market, 1640 to 1826, now for the first time translated into English, first appeared, in the original Dutch, at the Hague in 1896. It was at my request that Dr. Bisschop very kindly undertook to have the work translated, and I willingly comply with his suggestion that I should write a few lines by way of preface. Those who have worked at the history of English banking well know that the special chapter of that his...
Economics
Preface: Solar photovoltaics is one of the most cost-effective ways of providing small amounts of electricity to areas without a power grid. Especially in places where people live in scattered houses, the cost of alternatives for providing electricity usually is prohibitively high. Solar home systems (SHSs) are small systems designed to meet the electricity demand of a single household. A solar home system always consists of one or more photovoltaic (PV) modules and a ba...
Since its inception under the mandate of the Poverty Reduction Board (PRB) in 1997, the Poverty Reduction Group (PRMPR) in the PREM anchor has assisted country teams in sharpening the poverty focus of CASs, analytical work and lending operations and has supported senior management in addressing the overall corporate agenda on poverty reduction. Following its merger with the PRS unit in 2000, the Poverty Reduction Group also became the institutional focal point for the PR...
President Bush visits a kindergarten class in Knoxville, Tennessee; McDonald?s offers a free toy with the purchase of a hamburger; Your secretary asks for a raise; The Ministry of Health sends out a press release announcing the opening of a new patient-friendly health center; Your ?significant other? suggests that you take up yoga.
We take efficient logistics processes for granted, but... -- In developing economies the process is not always so easy!?or so efficient! -- Logistics costs can amount to 30% of delivered costs in some economies -- In efficient economies it can be as low as 9.5% -- Logistics systems improvements are the ?blocking and tackling? of economic development -- Governments should make every effort to adopt policy that will encourage logistics efficiency...
Preface: Photovoltaic (PV) products are manufactured in many countries and sold all over the world. Most work well and are very reliable, with the result that industry market growth is higher now than at any time in the last 15 years. From available worldwide statistics, it appears that product failures are rather few, but they are still significant. In addition, the module performances produced by some manufacturers do not always meet customer expectations. Even though ...
Key issues in urban governance: Entitlements of poor urban households and communities -- Effective delivery/ coordination of services -- Collective action and participation in urban governance -- Responsive and inclusive urban government...
Caused by a parasitic worm Transmitted from person to person by a blackfly The worm lives 14 years in the human body, producing millions of microscopic parasites...
Introduction: Full cost accounting (FCA) is a systematic approach for identifying, summing, and reporting the actual costs of solid waste management. It takes into account past and future outlays, overhead (oversight and support service) costs, and operating costs. Knowing the full costs of municipal solid waste (MSW) management can help you make better decisions about your solid waste program, improve the efficiency of services, and better plan for the future. FCA can h...
A comprehensive water plan A comprehensive water plan -- A Strong institutional framework A Strong institutional framework -- Integrated infrastructure system Integrated infrastructure system -- Comprehensive HIS Comprehensive HIS -- Participative Management from Basin Participative Management from Basin -- Committees and user associations Committees and user associations -- Sustainable financing including reserve Sustainable financing including reserve fund and bulk wat...
This report was prepared by a team led by Catherine Gwin. Other team members were Deepa Chakrapani, Diana Corbin, Judith Hahn, and Zamir Islamshah, with additional input provided by Bozena Krupa and Georgia Wallen. The team received support from Parveen Moses and Annisa Cline-Thomas. Background papers were provided by David Bevan, Jeffrey Cummings, David Goldwyn, Kenneth King, and Simon McGrath, Elizabeth Kleemeier and Keith Stallard, Alex Romiszowski, Louise Walker and ...
Health. Afghanistan's health indicators are among the worst in the world, particularly in the areas of child health and women's reproductive health. When reconstruction started in 2002, the following indicators were reported: an under-five mortality rate of 257, infant mortality rate of 165, and estimated maternal mortality rate of 16 (per 1,000 live births); rate of chronic malnutrition (moderate or severe stunting) around 50%; and very high rates of disability due to p...
June 28, 1999: The rapid spread of information technology (IT) is having a strong effect on the world, physically, socially, and economically. The field of development is not excluded from its far-reaching influence. Clinic speakers presented diverse ways that IT meshes with development in general and upgrading in particular, ranging from how to use computers to set up basic street addressing systems, to what effects a community owned computer has had on a remote Andean ...
Information is crucial to any planning and management activity. This of course is a truism. The problem is (a) to determine what data and information is needed for the purpose at hand; (b) to find out if it exists and where; (c) how to get hold of it if, it exists, and how to collect it if it does not; (d) how to store this information in easily accessible and referenced form; (e) how to interpret the data, resolve questions of quality, contradictions and incompleteness;...
In 1981, only a year after the World Bank began direct lending for the health sector, the first cases of AIDS were detected, and by 1985 it was clear that HIV/AIDS had already spread widely in parts of Sub-Saharan Africa. In the two decades since, knowledge of HIV/AIDS has grown, but the epidemic continues to spread and erode development gains, not just in Africa, but in many parts of the world. Through the end of fiscal year 2004, the Bank had committed $2.5 billion in ...
This paper focuses on Foucault?s analysis of two forms of neo-liberalism in his lecture of 1979 at the College de France: German post-War liberalism and the liberalism of the Chicago School. Since the course is available only on audio-tapes at the Foucault archive in Paris, the larger part of the text presents a comprehensive reconstruction of the main line of argumentation, citing previously unpublished source material. The nal section offers a short discussion of the m...
Senior executives from the world?s largest companies remain downbeat on the global economy in 2003. Undoing the excesses of the 1990s has become a lengthy process of corporate restructuring complicated by currency volatility, deflation fears, continued geopolitical instability and shortterm disruptions such as SARS. Combined, these factors have exacted a heavy toll on executives? confidence in making investments overseas. However, corporate investors reveal that they are...
Excerpt: Chapter I. Banks of Venice, Genoa and Barcelona. The first regular institution resembling what we call a Bank, was established at Venice, nearly seven hundred years ago. In its origin it had nothing to do with the business of banking. It began in this way. The Republic being engaged in war, and falling short of funds, had recourse to a forced loan. The contributors to that loan, were allowed an annual interest of four per cent on the sums they had been obliged t...
Project Components -- Rehabilitation of Physical Heritage -- Rehabilitation of Infrastructure -- Com munity Development -- Environment -- Institutional Reinforcement...