Description: Climate Hazards Group, Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA. The increasing food and water demands of East Africa's growing population are stressing the region's inconsistent water resources and rain-fed agriculture. More accurate seasonal agricultural drought forecasts for this region can inform better water and agropastoral management decisions, support optimal allocation of the region's water resources, and mitigat...
Adam, J. C., Haddeland, I., Su, F., and Lettenmaier, D. P.: Simulation of reservoir influences on annual and seasonal streamflow changes for the Lena, Yenisei, and Ob' rivers, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D24114, doi:10.1029/2007JD008525, 2007.; Anderson, W. B., Zaitchik, B. F., Hain, C. R., Anderson, M. C., Yilmaz, M. T., Mecikalski, J., and Schultz, L.: Towards an integrated soil moisture drought monitor for East Africa, Hyd...
Description: Delft University of Technology, Water Resources Section, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands. The Bowen ratio surface energy balance method is a relatively simple method to determine the latent heat flux and the actual land surface evaporation. Despite its simplicity, the Bowen ratio method is generally considered to be unreliable due to the use of two-level sensors that are installed by default in operational Bowen ratio systems. In this paper w...
Westhoff, M. C., Bogaard, T. A., and Savenije, H. H. G.: Quantifying the effect of in-stream rock clasts on the retardation of heat along a stream, Adv. Water Res., 33, 1417–1425, 2010.; Winsemius, H. C., Savenije, H. H. G., and Bastiaanssen, W. G. M.: Constraining model parameters on remotely sensed evaporation: justification for distribution in ungauged basins?, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 1403–1413, doi:10.5194/hes...
Description: State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China. A field investigation and measurement of ground temperatures in boreholes was carried out in the upper area of Shule River in the western part of the Qilianshan Mountains, in the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in 2008. On the basis of this a sketchy distribution pattern of pe...
Cheng G. and Wang S: On the zonation of high-altitude permafrost in China, Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 4, 1–16, 1982.; Cheng, G: Problems on zonation of high-altitude permafrost, J. Geogr. Sci., 39, 185–193, 1984.; Chou, Y., Sheng, Y., Ma, W., and Li, J.: Discussion on shallow ground temperature of embankment in permafrost regions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Soil Engineering and Foundation, 22, 44–48, 2008.; Etzelmüller, B., Hoelzle, M., Heggem, E.S.F., Isak...
Description: IFAPA, Centro Alameda del Obispo, P.O. Box 3092, Córdoba, Spain. Vegetation indices (VIs) have been traditionally used for quantitative monitoring of vegetation. Remotely sensed radiometric measurements of visible and infrared solar energy, which is reflected or emitted by plant canopies, can be used to obtain rapid, non-destructive estimates of certain canopy attributes and parameters. One parameter of special interest for water management applications...
Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., and Smith, A. R.: Crop evapotranspiration: Guidelines for computing crop requirements. Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56 FAO, Rome, 1998.; Allen, R. G., Tasumi, M., and Trezza, R.: Satellite-based energy balance for mapping evapotranspiration with internalized calibration (METRIC)-Model, J. Irrig. Drain., E-ASCE, 133(4), 380–394, 2007.; Anderson, M. C., Kustas, W. P., and Norman, J. M.: Upscaling flux observations from local to ...
Description: FutureWater, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Changes in water resources availability can be expected as consequences of climate change, population growth, economic development and environmental considerations. A two-stage modeling approach is used to explore the impact of these changes in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. An advanced, physically based, distributed, hydrological model is applied to determine the internal and external renewable...
Abu-Zeid, K., Wagdy, A., Elbadawy, O., and Abdel-Meguid A.: State of the Water Report in the Arab Region, CEDARE and the Arab Water Council, Cairo, Egypt, 2004.; Abu-Zeid, M. and El-Shibini, F. Z.: Egypt's High Aswan Dam, Water Resources Development, 13, 209–217, 1997.; Addams, L., Boccaletti, G., Kerlin, M., and Stuchtey, M.: Charting Our Water Future: Economic frameworks to inform decision-making, Water, Vol. 21, 2030 Water Resources Group, available at: