Medical Reference Publication
The chdd you train may have had difficulty seeing since birth. Or the child may have lost lus or her sight at an early age. Difficulty seeing is caused by a disease or injury to the eyes. Sometimes it is caused by lack of proper food.
Among leprologists there has been an increasing interest in the prevention of disabilities as a part of each leprosy control project. This may be due in part to a recognition that, in addition to any direct benefit to the patient, the attention to disabilities has a favourable influence on attendance at treatment clinics and thus on the control of leprosy. Both the International Leprosy Associ~tion in its congress reports and the WHO Expert Committee on Leprosy have emph...
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The concept of equity, or fairness, is central to the Beijing Declaration of Health at Work for All, as indeed it is to the even more comprehensive declaration of Alma Ata. Equity is an appealing concept, but it is not a simple one. Does it mean a level playing field for everyone; or positive discrimination in favour of those whose need is greatest? The first of these appeals to the doctrinaire libertarian; but it carries the consequence that diversity of skills, or simp...
basic information Buruli ulcer is a disease caused by a germ which affects mainly the skin, but it can also affect the bones. Buruli ulcer is found in many places around the world often near water (in lakes, rivers ...). The exact mode of transmission of the germ from the environment to humans is not known. Buruli ulcer can affect anyone at any age, but children are most often affected. Buruli ulcer mainly affects the arms and legs; but it can affect any part of the body...
Washington, D.C.IGeneva - The World Health Organization (WHO) announced today that 13 pharmaceutical companies have agreed to comply with WHO's recommendation to phase out single-drug artemisinin medicines for oral treatment of malaria. This group includes the main producers of high quality artemisinin monotherapies. The companies will now focus their marketing efforts for malaria primarily on Artemisinin Combination Therapies (ACTs), in line with WHO recommendations. Th...
Ce Releve contient des renseignements reGus des Administrationi Sanitaires Nationales par I'OMS en son siPge, ses bureaux rkgionaux et la Station information ipidimiologique de Singapour.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): the active pathological condition that follows the earlier, non-symptomatic state of being HIVpositive. Artificial feeding: feeding with breast-milk substitutes. Bottle-feeding: feeding from a bottle, whatever its content, which may be expressed breast milk, water, infant formula, or another food or liquid. Breast-milk substitute: any food being marketed or otherwise represented as a partial or total replacement for breast milk,...
An estimated 100 to 140 million girls and women in the world today have undergone some form of female genital mutilation, and 2 million girls are at risk from the practice each year. The great majority of affected women live in sub-Saharan Africa, but the practice is also known in parts of the Middle East and Asia. Today, women with FGM are increasingly found in Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States of America, largely as a result of migration from...
Au 1Cr avril 6 075 cas de variole avaient et6. notifiCs a l'OMS, soit 51 % de moins qu'en 1968 ii la rnErne kpoque. Dans les pays de I'Afrique occidentale et centrale, l'incidence de la maladie est tomb& au niveau le plus bas qui ait jamais etC observe dans cette region puisqu'ii ce jour ces pays ont notifie 184 cas, ce qui ne reprksente que 11 % des 1 727 cas enregistrh l'annke derniere ii la meme date et 5% des 3 941 cas enregistris pour la pCriode correspondante de 19...
The Regional Consultation on the Preparation of C~~idelinefosr Environmental Health Impact Assessment (EHIA) of Develolxnent Projects in tlie Eastern lvlediterranean Region, was organized by the Regional Centre for Environmental Health Activities (CEHA) of the WHO Regional Ofice for the Eastern Meditel-rancan. from 7 to 10 November 1994, in Amman. Jordan, in cooperation with the Health Impact Assessment Programme of the Livel-pool School of Tropical Medicine. Liverpool. ...
PREFACE This year was an eventful and successful one for the Division of Control of Tropical Diseases. It ended with a major initiative that will have significant consequences in the future towards improving the quality of life for one fifth of the planet inhabitants in the next millennium. The signing of a Memorandum of Understanding with SmithKline Beecham, plc paves the way for global elimination of lymphatic filariasis, an ancient disease which has plagued the popula...
Strategic information and tools for workplace solutions WHO provides practical tools and information on occupational health strategies and solutions to decision-makers and practitioners, including information on chemical, physical, ergonomic, psychosocial, biological and safety risk factors. These tools are made available through channels such as the WHO Network of Collaborating Centres in Occupational Health, and the newly established International Occupational Health a...
Nearly 50 population-based surveys from 36 nations around the world find that from 10 to over 50% of women are physically assaulted by intimate partners during their lifetimes (Heise, Ellsberg & Gottemoeller, 1999). Men’s victimization by intimate partners has not been well studied, particularly cross-nationally, but in the United States of America (USA) men experience significantly less intimate partner physical assault than women; women in the USA are victims of intima...
Twenty-eight participants and an observer from 17 countries belonging to the Eastern Mediterranean Region of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Middle East and North African Region of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) participated in the Workshop. The resource persons were from the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO) and WHO headquarters, the UNICEF Middle East and North Africa Regional Office (MENARO), Egypt and Tunisia Country Offices of...
The Italian Government had requested the Executive Secretary of the WHO IC to place on the Agehda of the Session of the Expert Committee on International Spidemic Control, 12-17 April 1948, the study of a Draft International Agreement aiming at preventing import ation of anoahelines into Sardinia, from which these mosquitoes are now being eradicated.
Comur,icable diseases continue to remain among the major public health problems in Bangladesh. Until recently, however, there was no special service in the health system to deal with these diseases.
The neuraminidases of3 hwnart A2 virus strains-AZ/Singapore/1/57, A2/England/76/66 and A2IHong Kong/I/68-were compared immunologicaNy with those of a number of irrfluenra A virus strains of animal origin /I4 avian, 2 equine and I porcine). The methods used were enzyme-inhibition tests and immuno-double-diffusion. In enzyme-inhibition tests, the neuraminidases of the A2157 and A2166 viruses cross-reacted with those of Turkey/ Wisconsinl66, Turkey/Massachusetts/65 and Duck...
A rapid, reliable, and inexpensive serological test for the diagnosis of ruberculosis would have great applicability as a clinical, epidemiological, and public health tool, and many serological techniques have been used in attempts to develop such a rest. In general, it has nor been difficult to adapt serological techniques for use wlth mycobacrerial anrigens, and preliminary studies with sera from specifically sensitized or infected animals have often probided initial encouragemenr.
Introduction Epidemiology is concerned with understanding and controlling disease epidemics by investigating empirically the associations between variation in exposure to disease-causing agents external to the individual, variation in the resistance of individuals exposed to the disease-causing agents, and variation in resistance resources in the environments of exposed individuals (1). These investigations are initially carried out by examining natural variations. Hypot...